History Facts of Gold Mining

People have been searching for gold ever since Roman times and their methods have diversified over the centuries. You can find the shiny metal by simply using your hands or by making use of complex mechanisms employing special machinery and chemicals.

The pan used to separate gold from sand and water is already a symbol of the quest for this precious metal. The simple manual technique of gold panning is based on the fact that gold is heavier than sand or gravel. Miners have been famously swirling sediment from rivers in a pan of water in the days of the California Gold Rush, during the nineteenth century. This method was also used as a scam to fool people into believing they found gold, but instead all they went home with was fool's gold.

The artificial channel built to conduct water was a step forward in the search for gold. Endowed with a valve or gate to regulate the flow, and riffles set at the bottom, this sluice box creates dead zones in the current that allows gold to deposit. People have also been building dams to redirect water so they could mine the river bottom. On a larger scale, these channels can be maneuvered with diesel-powered equipment like excavators and bulldozers.

Gold can also be encased in rock, rather than being a loose particle in sediment. Extracting it requires underground mining and more complex techniques than the ones used to excavate softer minerals such as salt or coal. Gold ore is extracted through tunnels or shafts, some of which can reach impressive depths. The deepest are considered to be the Savuka gold mines in South Africa, where miners are currently working at depths exceeding 3,900 m (12,800 ft). Nowadays, hard rock mining produces most of the world´s gold.

With the help of a chemical called cyanide, gold can be extracted even from low-grade ore. This metallurgical method converts gold into a water soluble metallic complex. The cyanide technique is straightforward to apply and it processes 99.9% pure metals.

After being separated from other sediments, gold is refined into standard gold bars, labeled and recorded. Cast or minted, the precious metal travels from the Earth's crust to the jeweler or trader in the shape of ingots or small chip-sized plates called ChipGold.
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